Tuesday 26 March 2013

Test yourself - Mark scheme X-rays and Ultrasound

Mark scheme for the questions on X-ray and Ultrasounds:


(a)   20 000 Hz 
   Although this question only asked for the upper limit of human hearing you need to remember that     
  the complete range goes from 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz.
(b)   Electromagnetic waves
(c)   (i)    X-rays are absorbed by metals and if not removed the jewellery would show up on the X-ray.
When a question asks you to ‘explain’, the points that you make should be linked. An alternative to the second point given here would be ‘if the jewellery were not removed its image could block out important detail’.
       (ii)   X-rays are a form of ionising radiation, whereas ultrasound is non-ionising. 
              Ionising radiation like X-rays can damage or even kill healthy body cells. 
This question asks for a comparison and so it is important that both X-rays and ultrasound are mentioned.
       (iii)  The images from X-rays are much more detailed. 

(d)   (i)   800/200 = 4

              10000/4 = 2500
             
              so 1 in 2500 3
The calculation has been clearly set out. It would have been easy to make a slip and multiply the 10 000 by 4 to end up with an incorrect answer of 1 in 40 000. However, had this been done, hopefully it would have been realised that this figure suggests a lower risk, whereas the data in the table clearly indicate a greater risk.
       (ii)   The benefit of a CT scan in being able to help diagnose a serious illness is far greater than the additional risk of developing cancer due to the scan.
The two points have been clearly linked. 



Remember read the mark scheme carefully.  Think about the use of the keywords and check that examiner will be able to credit you with full marks for your answer.

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